Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Coquitlam--Port CoquitlamMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,004	...	...
Population, 2016¹	123,576	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,072	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,014	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	221.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	597.30	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,005	64,280	67,720
0 to 14 years	21,075	10,790	10,280
0 to 4 years	6,190	3,110	3,075
5 to 9 years	7,170	3,715	3,455
10 to 14 years	7,715	3,965	3,745
15 to 64 years	90,080	43,945	46,140
15 to 19 years	7,755	4,075	3,680
20 to 24 years	7,530	3,900	3,625
25 to 29 years	7,720	4,025	3,695
30 to 34 years	8,770	4,380	4,390
35 to 39 years	9,920	4,745	5,180
40 to 44 years	9,720	4,510	5,210
45 to 49 years	9,540	4,385	5,155
50 to 54 years	10,140	4,810	5,325
55 to 59 years	10,050	4,845	5,205
60 to 64 years	8,945	4,265	4,680
65 years and over	20,845	9,545	11,300
65 to 69 years	7,330	3,505	3,830
70 to 74 years	5,430	2,580	2,850
75 to 79 years	3,480	1,575	1,905
80 to 84 years	2,380	995	1,385
85 years and over	2,225	890	1,330
85 to 89 years	1,450	625	830
90 to 94 years	615	225	385
95 to 99 years	140	35	105
100 years and over	20	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.8	15.2
15 to 64 years	68.2	68.4	68.1
65 years and over	15.8	14.8	16.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.4	2.0
Average age of the population	41.1	40.1	42.1
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,015	...	...
Single-detached house	16,670	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,560	...	...
Row house	7,525	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,745	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,620	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,015	...	...
1 person	10,550	...	...
2 persons	15,510	...	...
3 persons	9,660	...	...
4 persons	8,870	...	...
5 or more persons	4,425	...	...
Number of persons in private households	130,610	63,590	67,025
Average household size	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	110,930	53,485	57,440
Married or living common-law	67,675	33,515	34,155
Married	59,720	29,550	30,165
Living common-law	7,955	3,960	3,995
Living common law - Never married	5,795	2,905	2,885
Living common law - Separated	360	190	175
Living common law - Divorced	1,675	820	850
Living common law - Widowed	135	50	85
Not married and not living common-law	43,255	19,970	23,280
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,525	15,930	13,595
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,725	990	1,740
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,275	2,165	4,105
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,730	890	3,840
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,820	...	...
2 persons	17,525	...	...
3 persons	10,040	...	...
4 persons	8,945	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,820	...	...
Total couple families	32,830	...	...
Married couples	28,855	...	...
With children⁶	17,800	...	...
Without children	11,050	...	...
Common-law couples	3,980	...	...
With children⁶	1,315	...	...
Without children	2,660	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,985	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,765	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,215	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	130,610	63,590	67,025
Total - Persons in census families	113,020	55,870	57,150
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,665	32,780	32,885
Parents in one-parent families	5,985	1,220	4,770
Children⁶	41,365	21,870	19,495
In a two-parent family	32,700	17,235	15,470
In a one-parent family	8,660	4,630	4,025
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,595	7,720	9,875
Living alone	10,550	4,455	6,090
Living with other relatives⁷	3,270	1,190	2,075
Living with non-relatives only	3,775	2,070	1,710
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,015	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,450	...	...
Couple-family households	27,790	...	...
With children⁶	16,385	...	...
Without children	11,410	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,655	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,130	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	615	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,845	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,430	...	...
One-person households	10,550	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	109,540	52,795	56,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,340	50,780	54,560
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,405	50,810	54,595
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,860	46,585	48,275
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,935	38,890	38,045
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,355	38,005	47,350
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,765	3,605	5,165
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,765	13,905	15,860
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	109,470	52,820	56,650
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,120	50,690	54,430
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,250	63,000	44,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,195	50,725	54,470
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,160	52,100	38,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,540	46,445	48,095
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	61,150	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,885	38,955	37,935
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	63,500	41,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,175	37,785	47,390
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,090	9,300	10,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,815	3,630	5,185
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,660	5,800	7,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,495	13,455	16,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,430	9,170	9,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	109,470	52,815	56,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,890	21,650	16,235
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	77,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,900	89,300	67,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,550	13,005	16,550
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	21,400	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	34,040	24,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	89.0	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.4	77.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.0	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.6	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	109,540	52,795	56,745
Without total income	4,205	2,015	2,180
With total income	105,340	50,775	54,560
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,155	5,045	7,110
$10,000 to $19,999	12,265	5,150	7,110
$20,000 to $29,999	14,875	6,065	8,815
$30,000 to $39,999	11,765	4,900	6,860
$40,000 to $49,999	10,535	4,565	5,970
$50,000 to $59,999	9,080	4,160	4,920
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	3,705	3,715
$70,000 to $79,999	5,870	3,230	2,640
$80,000 to $89,999	4,835	2,865	1,970
$90,000 to $99,999	3,890	2,290	1,595
$100,000 and over	12,660	8,810	3,855
$100,000 to $149,999	8,690	5,720	2,970
$150,000 and over	3,975	3,085	885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	109,540	52,795	56,745
Without after-tax income	4,130	1,985	2,150
With after-tax income	105,405	50,805	54,600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,490	5,160	7,325
$10,000 to $19,999	12,655	5,325	7,330
$20,000 to $29,999	16,610	6,800	9,805
$30,000 to $39,999	13,685	5,795	7,890
$40,000 to $49,999	12,390	5,565	6,820
$50,000 to $59,999	10,040	4,950	5,085
$60,000 to $69,999	7,635	4,255	3,385
$70,000 to $79,999	5,830	3,390	2,435
$80,000 to $89,999	4,330	2,595	1,735
$90,000 to $99,999	2,900	1,905	995
$100,000 and over	6,845	5,055	1,790
$100,000 to $124,999	3,715	2,625	1,090
$125,000 and over	3,130	2,425	700
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	109,540	52,795	56,745
Without employment income	32,605	13,905	18,700
With employment income	76,930	38,890	38,045
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,000	4,390	5,615
$5,000 to $9,999	6,440	2,590	3,855
$10,000 to $19,999	8,110	3,495	4,620
$20,000 to $29,999	6,175	2,700	3,475
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030	2,660	3,375
$40,000 to $49,999	6,365	2,865	3,500
$50,000 to $59,999	6,340	2,970	3,365
$60,000 to $69,999	5,405	2,835	2,565
$70,000 to $79,999	4,565	2,650	1,920
$80,000 to $89,999	3,890	2,310	1,575
$90,000 to $99,999	3,260	1,970	1,290
$100,000 and over	10,350	7,460	2,890
$100,000 to $124,999	4,910	3,220	1,690
$125,000 and over	5,440	4,245	1,195
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	109,540	52,795	56,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,845	48,965	52,880
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,090	49,025	53,065
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,590	45,805	47,780
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,390	39,380	39,010
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,450	27,085	39,365
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,240	1,740	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,535	2,155	3,380
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,520	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	109,470	52,820	56,650
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,660	48,960	52,700
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	61,600	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,900	48,990	52,910
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	50,200	35,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,620	45,945	47,675
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	61,750	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,480	39,570	38,910
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750	62,550	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,870	26,710	39,160
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,070	6,700	7,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,505	2,195	3,310
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,570	5,870	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	109,470	52,815	56,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,630	21,480	16,150
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	73,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	84,300	61,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,855	12,290	15,560
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,000	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,400	42,520	29,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	94.0	86.8
Employment income (%)	78.4	82.0	73.2
Government transfers (%)	9.0	5.9	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,010	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,550	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,465	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,985	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,525	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,455	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,010	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,290	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,410	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,615	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,065	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,905	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,510	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,135	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,010	...	...
Under $5,000	870	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	790	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,450	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,270	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,720	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,835	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,715	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,085	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,915	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,655	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,845	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,410	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,730	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,900	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,175	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,515	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,325	6,525	7,795
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	49,200	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	43,600	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,680	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,975	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,565	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,295	6,480	7,820
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,900	57,850	46,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,120	47,960	40,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	130,610	63,585	67,020
0 to 17 years	25,745	13,220	12,525
0 to 5 years	7,615	3,855	3,765
18 to 64 years	84,935	41,090	43,845
65 years and over	19,930	9,280	10,650
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,525	6,140	7,385
0 to 17 years	3,025	1,620	1,405
0 to 5 years	755	385	370
18 to 64 years	7,605	3,375	4,225
65 years and over	2,890	1,140	1,750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.4	9.7	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	12.3	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	10.1	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.2	9.6
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.3	16.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	130,610	63,590	67,025
0 to 17 years	25,740	13,215	12,525
0 to 5 years	7,615	3,850	3,760
18 to 64 years	84,935	41,085	43,845
65 years and over	19,935	9,280	10,650
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,625	4,055	4,565
0 to 17 years	1,875	1,005	870
0 to 5 years	430	230	205
18 to 64 years	5,535	2,550	2,980
65 years and over	1,215	505	710
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6	6.4	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.6	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	6.0	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	6.2	6.8
65 years and over (%)	6.1	5.4	6.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	130,610	63,585	67,020
In bottom half of the distribution	55,625	26,205	29,420
In bottom decile	12,425	5,720	6,710
In second decile	10,300	4,735	5,565
In third decile	10,550	4,990	5,560
In fourth decile	10,635	5,080	5,555
In fifth decile	11,715	5,680	6,035
In top half of the distribution	74,985	37,385	37,600
In sixth decile	12,825	6,285	6,540
In seventh decile	13,670	6,775	6,900
In eighth decile	15,585	7,730	7,850
In ninth decile	17,090	8,620	8,470
In top decile	15,815	7,975	7,840
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	130,610	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,005	63,680	67,330
English only	117,185	57,835	59,350
French only	75	30	45
English and French	7,960	3,475	4,485
Neither English nor French	5,785	2,335	3,450
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,005	63,680	67,330
English	123,175	60,385	62,795
French	1,195	580	615
English and French	940	420	525
Neither English nor French	5,700	2,300	3,400
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,005	63,680	67,330
Single responses	124,835	60,730	64,105
Official languages	68,660	34,485	34,175
English	67,555	33,945	33,605
French	1,105	540	570
Non-official languages	56,180	26,240	29,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,170	26,240	29,935
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,330	675	650
Berber languages	10	5	5
Kabyle	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,300	670	635
Amharic	45	25	20
Arabic	1,120	560	560
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	65	40	20
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	55	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	285	415
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	45
Vietnamese	635	270	370
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,010	1,225	1,780
Bikol	15	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25
Cebuano	115	50	65
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25
Ilocano	130	40	85
Indonesian	265	120	150
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5
Pangasinan	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,340	960	1,385
Waray-Waray	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15
Creole languages	40	20	20
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	25	15	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	255	130	125
Kannada	10	5	0
Malayalam	65	30	35
Tamil	135	70	70
Telugu	45	20	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	22,750	10,950	11,805
Albanian	55	30	30
Armenian	55	30	25
Balto-Slavic languages	4,770	2,235	2,540
Baltic languages	45	25	20
Latvian	25	10	10
Lithuanian	20	10	10
Slavic languages	4,735	2,210	2,520
Belarusian	5	0	5
Bulgarian	200	95	105
Czech	185	85	100
Macedonian	20	10	10
Polish	1,055	465	585
Russian	2,245	1,070	1,175
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	575	275	295
Bosnian	70	30	40
Croatian	265	120	145
Serbian	225	120	110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Slovak	205	95	110
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0
Ukrainian	235	105	125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,200	585	615
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	715	345	365
German	690	335	360
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	5	10
Yiddish	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	370	175	195
Afrikaans	145	65	75
Dutch	210	100	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10
Scandinavian languages	120	70	50
Danish	50	25	25
Icelandic	15	10	0
Norwegian	25	15	10
Swedish	35	20	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	115	70	50
Indo-Iranian languages	11,455	5,580	5,870
Indo-Aryan languages	2,825	1,330	1,490
Assamese	5	0	0
Bengali	95	50	40
Gujarati	345	160	180
Hindi	585	265	315
Kacchi	45	20	25
Kashmiri	5	0	5
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	65	35	30
Nepali	30	15	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,295	600	690
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	40
Urdu	255	120	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Iranian languages	8,630	4,255	4,375
Baluchi	10	5	5
Kurdish	350	180	170
Parsi	15	10	10
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	8,220	4,045	4,175
Dari	580	280	295
Iranian Persian	6,955	3,425	3,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	690	335	350
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,090	2,415	2,675
Catalan	5	0	0
Italian	700	350	350
Portuguese	970	455	520
Romanian	905	440	460
Spanish	2,515	1,165	1,350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	665	225	440
Korean	6,145	2,880	3,270
Mongolian	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages	170	75	90
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	25	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10
Lingala	5	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	20	10
Shona	10	10	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	5	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20,220	9,390	10,825
Chinese languages	20,190	9,380	10,810
Hakka	135	60	80
Mandarin	10,915	5,010	5,905
Min Dong	5	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	490	225	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	70	90
Yue (Cantonese)	8,390	3,980	4,415
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	35	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15
Burmese	20	5	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	25	75
Lao	10	5	10
Thai	85	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	310	160	150
Azerbaijani	55	25	30
Kazakh	5	0	5
Turkish	210	110	95
Uyghur	10	5	5
Uzbek	25	10	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Uralic languages	400	155	240
Estonian	15	5	10
Finnish	115	40	75
Hungarian	265	115	155
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Multiple responses	6,175	2,955	3,220
English and French	380	165	215
English and non-official language(s)	4,960	2,405	2,555
French and non-official language(s)	95	35	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	55	80
Multiple non-official languages	605	295	310
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,005	63,680	67,330
English	72,195	35,990	36,205
French	230	115	115
Non-official language	20,705	9,570	11,135
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20,700	9,570	11,135
English and French	1,025	455	570
English and non-official language(s)	34,485	16,475	18,010
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	910	405	505
Multiple non-official languages	1,395	645	750
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,005	63,680	67,330
Single responses	123,570	60,075	63,495
Official languages	86,570	42,620	43,945
English	86,160	42,420	43,745
French	410	205	200
Non-official languages	37,005	17,455	19,550
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,005	17,455	19,550
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	365	385
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	745	360	380
Amharic	15	5	5
Arabic	650	320	335
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	20	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	165	225
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15
Vietnamese	365	160	205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,425	640	785
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Cebuano	55	30	30
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10
Ilocano	45	20	30
Indonesian	85	35	55
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,180	530	645
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	115	60	55
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	15
Tamil	55	25	30
Telugu	30	15	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	13,355	6,425	6,930
Albanian	15	5	10
Armenian	30	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,750	1,325	1,425
Baltic languages	15	5	5
Latvian	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,735	1,315	1,420
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	110	50	60
Czech	60	30	35
Macedonian	10	5	5
Polish	495	225	275
Russian	1,665	820	845
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	230	110	120
Bosnian	25	10	15
Croatian	75	35	40
Serbian	125	60	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	75	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	95	45	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	160	85	75
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	40	35
German	75	40	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	40
Afrikaans	65	30	30
Dutch	15	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	7,845	3,770	4,075
Indo-Aryan languages	1,490	700	790
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	25	25
Gujarati	165	75	90
Hindi	265	115	150
Kacchi	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10
Nepali	20	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	365	385
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20
Urdu	165	75	90
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Iranian languages	6,350	3,070	3,280
Baluchi	5	5	5
Kurdish	240	120	120
Parsi	5	0	5
Pashto	15	5	5
Persian languages	6,070	2,925	3,140
Dari	345	165	185
Iranian Persian	5,245	2,545	2,705
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	475	220	250
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,520	1,215	1,305
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	135	55	80
Portuguese	620	310	310
Romanian	415	205	215
Spanish	1,350	650	700
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	315	125	190
Korean	5,050	2,395	2,655
Mongolian	20	15	5
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Sign languages	50	30	25
American Sign Language	50	20	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,180	7,070	8,110
Chinese languages	15,170	7,065	8,105
Hakka	45	20	25
Mandarin	8,780	4,085	4,700
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	110	125
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	50
Yue (Cantonese)	5,990	2,805	3,180
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	5	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	155	70	80
Azerbaijani	25	5	15
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55
Uyghur	10	5	5
Uzbek	15	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	105	50	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15
Hungarian	80	40	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	7,440	3,605	3,835
English and French	215	100	115
English and non-official language(s)	6,875	3,330	3,545
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30
Multiple non-official languages	270	135	140
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,010	63,680	67,330
None	99,430	48,735	50,700
English	13,670	6,655	7,015
French	895	385	515
Non-official language	13,575	6,330	7,245
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	13,565	6,330	7,240
English and French	140	60	85
English and non-official language(s)	1,475	720	755
French and non-official language(s)	460	205	255
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	1,335	585	750
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	130,525	63,545	66,980
Official languages	124,895	61,310	63,590
English	124,830	61,275	63,555
French	8,135	3,445	4,690
Non-official languages	67,930	32,035	35,890
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	15
Algonquian languages	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,900	32,020	35,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,975	1,015	960
Berber languages	20	15	0
Kabyle	15	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,965	1,010	955
Amharic	75	35	40
Arabic	1,585	805	780
Aramaic languages	15	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	275	140	130
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	40	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	875	370	505
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	10	40
Vietnamese	825	360	470
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,270	1,785	2,485
Bikol	75	55	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Cebuano	60	25	35
Fijian	15	0	15
Hiligaynon	60	25	30
Ilocano	195	60	140
Indonesian	400	175	220
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	240	130	110
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0
Pangasinan	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,595	1,470	2,130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	60	45
Creole languages	120	60	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	60	30	30
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Dravidian languages	390	195	195
Kannada	30	20	10
Malayalam	100	55	45
Tamil	200	105	95
Telugu	105	45	55
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	29,200	14,135	15,070
Albanian	25	20	0
Armenian	85	45	35
Balto-Slavic languages	5,785	2,810	2,975
Baltic languages	85	45	40
Latvian	55	30	20
Lithuanian	30	15	15
Slavic languages	5,745	2,785	2,960
Belarusian	55	20	30
Bulgarian	200	85	120
Czech	350	180	170
Macedonian	10	0	10
Polish	1,250	580	670
Russian	3,175	1,565	1,605
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	760	385	380
Bosnian	55	20	35
Croatian	520	255	270
Serbian	270	140	125
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Slovak	230	95	135
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10
Ukrainian	510	220	295
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	25	0
Irish	20	15	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,115	945	1,170
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,335	585	755
German	1,320	570	745
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	30	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	655	310	345
Afrikaans	390	195	200
Dutch	275	125	150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10
Scandinavian languages	190	90	100
Danish	55	25	30
Icelandic	15	10	0
Norwegian	45	20	25
Swedish	80	35	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Greek	230	145	85
Indo-Iranian languages	14,390	7,050	7,345
Indo-Aryan languages	4,440	2,095	2,345
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	60	35	20
Gujarati	595	285	310
Hindi	1,955	935	1,020
Kacchi	165	80	80
Kashmiri	35	15	20
Konkani	35	15	15
Marathi	95	50	50
Nepali	75	40	40
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,045	980	1,065
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	35	30	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75	35	35
Urdu	685	325	355
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40
Iranian languages	10,115	5,020	5,095
Baluchi	45	30	15
Kurdish	440	225	215
Parsi	30	10	15
Pashto	70	45	25
Persian languages	9,815	4,875	4,940
Dari	750	350	400
Iranian Persian	8,420	4,195	4,220
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	740	380	360
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,425	3,545	3,875
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,175	550	625
Portuguese	1,250	605	645
Romanian	1,155	575	585
Spanish	4,380	2,085	2,295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	1,455	635	820
Korean	7,210	3,370	3,840
Mongolian	55	30	25
Niger-Congo languages	470	215	255
Akan (Twi)	25	0	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	40	15	15
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	45	20	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	25	50
Lingala	25	20	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	15
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	185	85	95
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	25	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	275	140	130
American Sign Language	250	130	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	23,355	11,010	12,345
Chinese languages	23,300	10,980	12,310
Hakka	225	115	115
Mandarin	15,915	7,400	8,525
Min Dong	15	0	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	525	675
Wu (Shanghainese)	190	65	130
Yue (Cantonese)	10,410	4,955	5,455
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	25	35
Burmese	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	50	85
Lao	15	0	10
Thai	130	40	85
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	730	370	365
Azerbaijani	170	80	95
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	620	320	305
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	15	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Uralic languages	530	230	295
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	160	70	90
Hungarian	360	155	200
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,525	63,545	66,980
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,890	1,425	1,465
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,770	1,370	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,450	690	760
Métis	1,295	675	625
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	40	45
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	15	20
Non-Indigenous identity	127,630	62,115	65,515
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,525	63,545	66,980
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	780	355	425
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,745	63,190	66,555
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,980	...	...
Owner	36,885	...	...
Renter	12,095	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,980	...	...
Condominium	17,170	...	...
Not condominium	31,815	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,980	...	...
No bedrooms	200	...	...
1 bedroom	6,350	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,985	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,945	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,980	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,875	...	...
5 rooms	6,735	...	...
6 rooms	5,840	...	...
7 rooms	4,810	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,980	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,295	...	...
More than one person per room	1,690	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,980	...	...
Suitable	45,910	...	...
Not suitable	3,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,980	...	...
1960 or before	1,395	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,400	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	13,170	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,800	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,340	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,835	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,980	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,020	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,960	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,980	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,865	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,795	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,330	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,980	...	...
15 to 24 years	650	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,445	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,570	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,965	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,860	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,190	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,210	...	...
85 years and over	1,090	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,725	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,675	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,050	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,980	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,535	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,650	...	...
Not suitable only	2,135	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,235	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	790	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	580	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,445	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,710	...	...
In core need	6,990	...	...
Not in core need	39,720	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,860	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	997,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,095	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,634	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	130,520	63,545	66,980
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	530	270	260
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	505	265	240
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	325	165	160
Métis single ancestry	175	95	80
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,645	1,350	1,295
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,535	1,285	1,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,550	785	760
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	960	490	475
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	60	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	60	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	127,350	61,930	65,420
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	130,520	63,545	66,975
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,605	55,285	57,320
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,035	11,755	11,280
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	89,570	43,530	46,040
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,920	8,255	9,660
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	130,520	63,545	66,975
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	69,375	34,850	34,520
Immigrants⁸¹	56,855	26,645	30,210
Before 1980	6,225	2,955	3,270
1980 to 1990	5,745	2,720	3,020
1991 to 2000	14,495	6,880	7,620
2001 to 2010	15,450	7,225	8,230
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,945	6,875	8,080
2011 to 2015	8,155	3,755	4,400
2016 to 2021	6,795	3,115	3,680
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,295	2,045	2,245
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	56,855	26,645	30,210
Under 5 years	4,750	2,545	2,205
5 to 14 years	9,305	4,990	4,320
15 to 24 years	8,040	3,580	4,455
25 to 44 years	27,770	12,185	15,585
45 years and over	6,995	3,350	3,645
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	56,855	26,645	30,210
Americas	3,850	1,775	2,080
Brazil	440	200	245
Colombia	370	170	200
El Salvador	235	105	130
Guyana	70	40	30
Haiti	15	0	15
Jamaica	155	80	75
Mexico	590	270	320
Peru	175	70	100
Trinidad and Tobago	170	90	75
United States of America	965	420	540
Other places of birth in Americas	665	335	330
Europe	9,665	4,725	4,935
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	40	55
Croatia	250	135	120
France	170	110	65
Germany	525	245	275
Greece	110	70	45
Hungary	170	65	100
Italy	365	210	150
Netherlands	230	120	110
Poland	900	400	495
Portugal	260	145	115
Romania	920	455	470
Russian Federation	870	410	460
Serbia⁸⁶	115	65	45
Ukraine	600	290	310
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,395	1,145	1,255
Other places of birth in Europe	1,675	815	865
Africa	2,190	1,095	1,095
Algeria	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	20
Egypt	290	150	135
Eritrea	70	40	30
Ethiopia	70	35	40
Morocco	55	35	20
Nigeria	90	55	40
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	695	355	345
Other places of birth in Africa	875	410	465
Asia	40,590	18,785	21,810
Afghanistan	560	265	300
Iran⁸⁸	7,015	3,510	3,510
Iraq	475	225	255
Lebanon	150	75	75
Syria⁸⁹	220	120	100
Turkey	105	60	45
China⁹⁰	9,850	4,385	5,470
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,455	2,170	2,285
Korea, South⁹²	5,140	2,380	2,760
Taiwan	1,905	850	1,050
Philippines	3,705	1,515	2,190
Viet Nam	830	360	470
Bangladesh	20	15	0
India	2,030	985	1,045
Pakistan	515	260	255
Sri Lanka	120	70	55
Other places of birth in Asia	3,495	1,545	1,955
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	560	275	290
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,790	3,115	3,675
Americas	660	325	335
Brazil	270	125	145
Colombia	30	0	25
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	0
Mexico	125	60	65
United States of America	120	60	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	50	35
Europe	770	410	360
France	40	25	15
Germany	30	20	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20	20	0
Italy	20	10	10
Russian Federation	205	110	100
Ukraine	130	65	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	30
Other places of birth in Europe	220	95	125
Africa	365	175	185
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	15	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	40	25	20
Eritrea	45	15	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	120	75	45
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	35	80
Asia	4,940	2,170	2,775
Afghanistan	70	40	30
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	1,485	635	845
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	80	60
India	400	185	220
Iran⁸⁸	895	460	435
Iraq	75	25	50
Israel	30	10	15
Japan	45	0	45
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	730	300	425
Lebanon	10	0	10
Nepal	15	10	0
Pakistan	70	40	25
Philippines	455	150	305
Saudi Arabia	30	20	15
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	25
Turkey	35	20	10
United Arab Emirates	20	0	15
Viet Nam	65	25	40
Other places of birth in Asia	305	120	190
Oceania and other⁹³	55	30	25
Australia	35	25	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	130,525	63,545	66,980
First generation¹⁰⁰	62,680	29,520	33,160
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,825	15,030	14,795
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,020	18,990	19,025
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	50,635	23,690	26,945
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	33,825	16,700	17,130
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,770	7,980	4,790
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	21,060	8,720	12,340
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,745	3,920	6,825
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,530	2,815	2,715
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	530	255	275
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	50,635	23,690	26,945
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,600	830	770
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,465	1,905	2,560
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,250	1,110	1,145
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,810	1,210	1,605
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	60	55
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	39,395	18,575	20,815
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	130,525	63,545	66,980
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	67,560	32,360	35,200
South Asian	6,200	3,040	3,155
Chinese	26,395	12,685	13,710
Black	1,915	960	950
Filipino	4,895	2,165	2,735
Arab	1,375	690	685
Latin American	2,810	1,350	1,460
Southeast Asian	1,850	870	980
West Asian	9,750	4,815	4,930
Korean	7,455	3,515	3,935
Japanese	1,415	570	845
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	750	390	360
Multiple visible minorities	2,765	1,300	1,460
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,960	31,185	31,780
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	130,525	63,545	66,980
Canadian	10,300	5,345	4,960
English	19,115	9,270	9,850
Irish	11,905	5,725	6,175
Scottish	15,035	7,285	7,745
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,385	2,550	2,835
German	9,060	4,560	4,495
Chinese	24,180	11,550	12,635
Italian	5,180	2,640	2,535
Indian (India)	4,025	1,875	2,150
Ukrainian	4,090	1,955	2,135
Dutch	3,135	1,635	1,500
Polish	3,340	1,610	1,730
Québécois	60	40	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,365	1,590	1,780
Filipino	5,170	2,300	2,870
French Canadian	890	420	475
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,790	935	860
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	900	440	460
Métis	1,270	650	620
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,400	1,250	1,155
Russian	3,620	1,755	1,870
Norwegian	2,435	1,160	1,270
Welsh	1,780	880	900
Portuguese	1,430	720	705
American	1,245	580	670
Spanish	2,030	870	1,160
Swedish	1,875	870	1,000
Hungarian	1,130	525	610
Acadian	60	25	35
Pakistani	530	285	245
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	680	360	320
Jewish	795	420	375
Punjabi	505	235	270
Vietnamese	1,275	575	690
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	560	280	285
Greek	565	290	270
Jamaican	295	145	150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,185	1,040	1,145
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	120	155
Korean	7,160	3,395	3,765
Romanian	1,365	680	680
Lebanese	265	120	145
Iranian	7,280	3,650	3,635
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	530	275	250
Danish	885	425	460
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	230	125	105
Sikh	535	245	290
Austrian	735	365	375
Belgian	365	175	185
Haitian	50	15	40
Hindu	460	245	215
Mexican	810	355	455
Mennonite	210	120	90
Swiss	480	215	265
Finnish	860	395	465
Sri Lankan	130	80	55
Croatian	965	415	550
Japanese	1,830	750	1,080
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	355	185	165
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	30	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	545	265	280
Muslim	345	185	160
Egyptian	340	180	160
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	450	215	240
Tamil	110	50	60
Icelandic	520	200	315
Colombian	410	195	210
Moroccan	50	35	20
Czech	595	285	310
Syrian	270	105	160
Guyanese	65	35	35
Afghan	905	410	490
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	250	150	100
Serbian	320	175	145
Ojibway	100	55	45
Newfoundlander	25	15	15
Hong Konger	1,950	980	970
Ontarian	100	45	50
Persian	2,465	1,225	1,240
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	55	40
Turkish	340	190	150
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20
Bangladeshi	30	15	15
Algerian	20	0	10
Brazilian	520	240	280
Nigerian	60	25	30
Armenian	225	120	110
Slovak	350	155	195
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	400	165	235
Somali	25	0	25
Taiwanese	1,645	780	870
Iraqi	275	135	140
Salvadorean	345	170	180
African Caribbean	100	50	55
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	490	225	270
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	435	200	240
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	135	65	75
Algonquin	15	15	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	85	40	45
Lithuanian	190	65	125
South African	405	210	200
Australian	340	185	155
Palestinian	60	30	30
Chilean	200	100	100
Congolese	70	35	35
Nova Scotian	40	20	20
Ethiopian	115	60	60
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	185	85	100
Peruvian	185	75	110
Yoruba	40	25	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	20	60
Berber	15	15	0
Albanian	55	30	25
Maltese	30	15	15
Macedonian	10	0	10
Slovenian	95	45	45
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	250	140	110
New Brunswicker	15	10	0
Gujarati	105	55	50
Eritrean	80	45	35
African Canadian	25	10	15
Israeli	155	90	65
Mohawk	60	15	50
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	85	120
Bulgarian	215	90	130
Albertan	70	45	30
Ghanaian	50	25	25
Barbadian	80	25	60
African American	120	70	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	90	95
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	155	95	60
Cuban	60	15	45
Bosnian	120	50	70
Venezuelan	65	40	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	135	85	50
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	85	60	25
Indonesian	280	110	175
Laotian	40	20	20
Ilocano	115	50	65
Northern Irish	125	80	50
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	20	35
British Columbian	575	290	285
Ecuadorian	10	10	0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10
Argentinian	115	65	55
Estonian	90	60	35
Kurdish	380	215	165
Fijian	340	155	185
Jatt	75	30	40
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30
Coptic	25	20	10
Thai	125	45	85
Dominican	55	25	35
Nepali	60	30	35
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10
Byelorussian	210	120	90
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	15	35
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	135	60	75
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	165	85	75
Sudanese	15	0	10
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	15	15
Malaysian	345	140	210
Plains Cree	10	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	55	30	30
Buddhist	60	25	30
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	30	25	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	10	15
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	30	25	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	25	25	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	100	55	40
Mauritian	25	15	10
Kenyan	75	35	40
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	20	0	20
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	100	40	60
Grenadian	10	0	0
Malayali	30	15	20
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	60	40	25
Mayan	20	0	10
Honduran	55	20	30
Cherokee	35	30	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	25	15	10
Flemish	55	30	25
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	80	40	40
Sicilian	15	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	35
Goan	35	20	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	15	15
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	30	25	10
Mongolian	140	75	70
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	45	20	25
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	45	20	30
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	40	20	15
Uruguayan	20	15	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	15
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	25	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	45	20	25
Roma	25	10	15
Costa Rican	35	20	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	25	20
Singaporean	235	100	135
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	80	45	35
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	130,525	63,545	66,980
Buddhist	2,570	1,100	1,480
Christian	47,980	21,880	26,100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,430	6,100	7,330
Anabaptist	325	165	160
Anglican	2,165	1,015	1,150
Baptist	1,495	680	815
Catholic	19,115	8,860	10,250
Christian Orthodox	2,600	1,220	1,380
Jehovah's Witness	460	210	250
Latter Day Saints	260	130	135
Lutheran	1,120	450	665
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	335	145	190
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,005	485	520
Presbyterian	905	370	535
Reformed	70	35	30
United Church	2,690	1,090	1,605
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,005	920	1,085
Hindu	1,495	745	755
Jewish	530	265	260
Muslim	8,075	3,980	4,095
Sikh	1,815	840	975
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	15	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,525	650	875
No religion and secular perspectives	66,495	34,065	32,425
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,465	63,040	66,425
Non-movers	114,055	55,405	58,650
Movers	15,415	7,640	7,770
Non-migrants	6,830	3,350	3,475
Migrants	8,580	4,285	4,295
Internal migrants	6,810	3,395	3,415
Intraprovincial migrants	5,885	2,910	2,980
Interprovincial migrants	925	490	440
External migrants	1,775	895	885
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	124,310	60,420	63,890
Non-movers	73,965	35,935	38,025
Movers	50,345	24,480	25,860
Non-migrants	14,310	7,070	7,235
Migrants	36,035	17,415	18,625
Internal migrants	27,070	13,285	13,780
Intraprovincial migrants	23,685	11,605	12,080
Interprovincial migrants	3,390	1,685	1,700
External migrants	8,965	4,125	4,840
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,470	52,820	56,650
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,935	6,765	6,170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	96,535	46,050	50,485
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,155	35,480	38,675
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,550	2,585	1,965
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,610	32,895	36,710
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,470	52,815	56,650
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,565	5,930	5,635
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,800	14,800	15,995
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	67,105	32,085	35,020
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,335	14,985	15,345
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,250	5,270	1,985
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,165	1,765	1,395
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,085	3,500	585
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,780	7,850	10,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,310	1,875	2,435
Bachelor's degree or higher	36,770	17,100	19,675
Bachelor's degree	24,700	11,110	13,585
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,775	1,220	1,545
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	385	415
Master's degree	7,280	3,610	3,670
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,215	770	445
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,155	35,480	38,675
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,730	2,105	1,630
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,675	8,215	8,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,745	25,165	28,580
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,615	11,120	11,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,225	3,895	1,325
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,190	1,265	925
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,030	2,625	405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,115	5,825	8,285
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,280	1,400	1,885
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,135	14,050	17,080
Bachelor's degree	20,730	9,075	11,660
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,345	1,005	1,340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	660	280	380
Master's degree	6,410	3,105	3,305
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	985	585	400
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	109,465	52,815	56,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,360	20,730	21,635
Education	3,645	805	2,840
13. Education	3,645	805	2,840
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,915	1,215	1,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	345	240	105
50. Visual and performing arts	2,575	970	1,600
Humanities	3,820	1,250	2,575
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	745	175	570
23. English language and literature/letters	1,005	260	745
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,195	365	830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	70	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	180	95
54. History	325	155	165
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	15	105
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,560	2,895	5,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	990	370	625
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,200	95	1,110
22. Legal professions and studies	1,235	350	885
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	30	100
42. Psychology	1,500	380	1,120
45. Social sciences	3,435	1,660	1,775
Business, management and public administration	15,095	6,340	8,765
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	495	115	380
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,580	6,220	8,360
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,415	1,690	1,730
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,305	510	800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	855	390	460
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20
40. Physical sciences	1,140	755	390
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,165	2,745	1,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,390	2,380	1,010
25. Library science	150	10	145
27. Mathematics and statistics	555	305	250
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	45	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,275	11,470	1,805
04. Architecture and related services	525	305	215
14. Engineering	5,215	4,125	1,090
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,535	2,195	345
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,415	2,355	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,620	45
48. Precision production	915	865	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,050	485	565
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	725	305	420
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	185	145
Health and related fields	8,425	1,915	6,505
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	795	450	340
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,470	1,395	6,080
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,725	1,280	1,445
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,815	530	1,285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	330	245	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	470	65
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,155	35,480	38,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,410	10,320	10,090
Education	2,730	540	2,190
13. Education	2,730	540	2,190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,365	1,020	1,345
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	185	75
50. Visual and performing arts	2,100	835	1,265
Humanities	3,030	945	2,085
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	590	135	455
23. English language and literature/letters	800	185	615
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	945	280	670
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	45	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	125	80
54. History	265	140	125
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	15	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,170	2,375	4,795
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	305	545
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	90	840
22. Legal professions and studies	1,060	265	790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	80
42. Psychology	1,270	295	975
45. Social sciences	2,900	1,385	1,510
Business, management and public administration	12,445	5,170	7,275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	95	305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,030	5,070	6,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,615	1,225	1,390
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,065	400	665
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	265	360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15
40. Physical sciences	855	540	310
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,605	2,405	1,200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,030	2,155	875
25. Library science	115	0	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	410	205	200
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,260	8,695	1,560
04. Architecture and related services	450	255	200
14. Engineering	4,220	3,260	960
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,840	1,550	295
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,820	1,780	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,280	1,240	35
48. Precision production	650	615	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	355	465
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	555	215	335
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	140	130
Health and related fields	6,670	1,480	5,190
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	635	380	260
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,895	1,050	4,845
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	55	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,030	940	1,085
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,365	405	960
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	270	200	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	320	60
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,155	35,480	38,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,410	10,320	10,090
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	53,745	25,165	28,585
Location of study inside Canada	33,940	16,410	17,530
Same as province or territory of residence	28,710	13,670	15,050
Different than province or territory of residence	5,220	2,740	2,480
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,810	8,755	11,055
Americas	2,695	1,375	1,320
United States of America	1,550	835	715
Mexico	330	150	175
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0
Brazil	370	155	215
Colombia	175	85	95
Peru	40	20	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	15
Other locations of study in Americas	170	95	75
Europe	3,225	1,645	1,580
Belgium	15	0	15
France	140	65	70
Germany	115	70	45
Netherlands	30	25	10
Switzerland	25	10	15
Hungary	50	20	25
Moldova¹⁸³	80	35	40
Poland	220	80	140
Romania	365	190	180
Russian Federation	450	215	245
Ukraine	290	140	155
Ireland⁹⁶	90	55	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	790	450	340
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Italy	45	25	15
Serbia⁸⁶	30	25	10
Other locations of study in Europe	470	230	240
Africa	495	235	255
Nigeria	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	85	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	290	135	155
Other locations of study in Africa	60	30	30
Asia	12,995	5,310	7,685
Iran⁸⁸	2,570	1,135	1,435
Iraq	125	65	60
Israel	105	55	45
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15
Turkey	75	55	20
China⁹⁰	3,530	1,460	2,070
Taiwan	440	130	305
Hong Kong⁹¹	580	235	340
Japan	270	65	200
Korea, South⁹²	2,240	855	1,385
Philippines	1,430	495	940
Viet Nam	65	20	45
Bangladesh	15	10	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0
India	690	325	365
Pakistan	130	60	70
Other locations of study in Asia	670	290	385
Oceania	400	190	210
Australia	310	140	170
New Zealand	60	35	30
Other locations of study in Oceania	30	15	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	109,470	52,815	56,650
In the labour force	71,870	37,090	34,790
Employed	65,840	34,140	31,700
Unemployed	6,035	2,945	3,090
Not in the labour force	37,595	15,730	21,870
Participation rate	65.7	70.2	61.4
Employment rate	60.1	64.6	56.0
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.9	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	109,465	52,815	56,655
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,420	16,260	22,155
Worked	71,055	36,555	34,495
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,230	22,500	16,730
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,820	14,055	17,765
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.8	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,875	37,090	34,785
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	850	915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,110	36,235	33,870
Employee	58,870	29,555	29,310
Permanent position	50,250	25,805	24,445
Temporary position	8,620	3,755	4,865
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,115	1,450	1,665
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,505	2,305	3,200
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,240	6,680	4,560
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,875	37,090	34,785
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	850	915
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,110	36,235	33,870
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	850	640	205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,930	4,565	9,365
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,590	5,900	1,680
3 Health occupations	4,865	1,060	3,810
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,550	2,670	5,880
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,820	1,420	1,400
6 Sales and service occupations	17,600	7,845	9,755
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,160	10,145	1,015
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	630	515	120
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,120	1,485	635
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,875	37,090	34,785
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	850	915
All industries¹⁹¹	70,110	36,235	33,870
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	190	140
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	190	125	65
22 Utilities	565	440	130
23 Construction	6,405	5,410	995
31-33 Manufacturing	4,355	2,970	1,390
41 Wholesale trade	3,025	1,990	1,035
44-45 Retail trade	8,125	3,825	4,295
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,235	2,505	735
51 Information and cultural industries	2,520	1,660	860
52 Finance and insurance	3,490	1,555	1,940
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,735	925	805
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,430	4,370	3,055
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	95	90
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,510	1,390	1,120
61 Educational services	5,325	1,710	3,615
62 Health care and social assistance	8,125	1,455	6,675
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,505	780	730
72 Accommodation and food services	4,250	1,800	2,445
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,000	1,225	1,775
91 Public administration	3,795	1,825	1,975
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,415	39,100	37,315
English	68,480	35,460	33,020
French	70	25	50
Non-official language	1,760	820	940
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,760	820	940
English and French	565	165	395
English and non-official language(s)	5,370	2,545	2,830
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40
Multiple non-official languages	100	60	40
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,415	39,100	37,315
Single responses	75,235	38,525	36,705
Official languages	71,860	36,940	34,920
English	71,650	36,885	34,765
French	210	55	155
Non-official languages	3,375	1,585	1,790
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,375	1,585	1,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	635	305	325
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	55	55
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	15
Russian	70	40	30
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	180	165
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	270	135	135
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	260	130	135
Dari	10	10	0
Iranian Persian	235	115	120
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	75	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	35	15	25
Romanian	10	0	0
Spanish	140	60	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	10	45
Korean	810	400	405
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	10	15
American Sign Language	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,760	815	945
Chinese languages	1,760	815	945
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,245	585	660
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	505	230	275
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,180	575	605
English and French	90	45	50
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	515	530
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,415	39,100	37,315
None	71,310	36,795	34,520
English	1,575	725	845
French	345	100	240
Non-official language	2,550	1,205	1,345
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,550	1,205	1,345
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	120	30	90
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	465	230	240
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,835	34,140	31,700
Worked at home	16,735	8,145	8,585
Worked outside Canada	390	250	135
No fixed workplace address	9,140	6,750	2,395
Usual place of work	39,570	18,990	20,575
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,570	18,990	20,580
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,780	5,025	6,755
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,150	13,570	13,585
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	525	330	195
Commute to a different province or territory	110	70	40
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,715	25,740	22,970
Car, truck or van	40,325	22,190	18,130
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,110	21,115	15,990
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,215	1,075	2,140
Public transit	5,045	2,075	2,970
Walked	2,010	780	1,235
Bicycle	365	255	110
Other method	965	435	535
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,715	25,740	22,970
Less than 15 minutes	10,960	4,815	6,145
15 to 29 minutes	13,885	6,650	7,235
30 to 44 minutes	11,550	6,950	4,595
45 to 59 minutes	6,690	4,140	2,550
60 minutes and over	5,635	3,190	2,445
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,715	25,740	22,970
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,410	2,540	870
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,370	5,420	2,945
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,360	5,780	5,585
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,545	4,315	5,225
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,930	4,055	4,880
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,105	3,625	3,480
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,300	13,510	12,795
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,445	740	705
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,855	12,765	12,090
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,620	10,135	9,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	590	535
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	695	360	335
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	225	200
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,500	9,555	8,950

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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